Plato was a wise man who lived very, very long time ago, way back in ancient Greece. He had lots of good ideas about how people should live and treat each other. Thinking about Plato’s ideas is still important today, in part because they help us figure out how to be kind to one another, and how to be fair.
Plato had a teacher too, a famous philosopher named Socrates, who also lived in ancient Greece. Socrates taught Plato to question everything, and to contemplate the serious things. Plato thought the best way to learn about the world and become a better person was simply to ask questions and think hard.
If justice or fairness is so important in our lives, then it is important that we find out what it is, to see how it may be found and to determine if it can be put into effect. He thought that people should be fair to each other, and that everyone should have equal opportunities to succeed in life. Plato, too, discussed an ideal society in which everyone cooperated and shared what they had. That would constitute a peaceful, happy community that everyone could thrive in.

Plato had established a school, the Academy, where people could go to hear his ideas. The Academy was one of the earliest schools in the world, and it had a number of students interested in the study of philosophy and other topics. And while the Academy is no longer in existence, Plato’s thinking is still taught in schoolhouses all around the globe.

One of Plato’s great stories is that of the allegory of the cave. In this tale, Plato likened the way we perceive the world to prisoners who are tied up deep inside a dark cave. None of the prisoners can see anything but shadows on the wall and think it is the real world. When one of the prisoners escapes and experiences the outside world, he learns that life is much more complex than he had imagined. The moral of this story is that we should always question what we see and what we think — and never to be too scared to search for the truth.

Plato said that there is a perfect world where everything is as good as it can possibly be. For instance, there exists a perfect circle, although no real-world circle is perfectly round. According to Plato, people would never be capable of completely understanding this perfect world, but we should all strive to be better and closer to that perfection. This is a message that reminds us to try to be the best version of ourselves and to be kind and fair with others.